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Research has shown that many outcomes of interest in the health, behavioral, and social sciences are influenced by genetics (Domingue et al. 2016; Plomin et al. 2016; Turkheimer 2000). For most human traits/behaviors, commonly referred to as phenotypes in genetic literature, it appears that the genetic influence on the phenotype is highly polygenic; i.e., there is no single gene that can account for the association between genetic variance and the outcome. Instead, the influence of genetics on the phenotype is due to many small associations spread across single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, pronounced snips) (Chabris et al. 2015). Polygenic Scores allow researchers to avoid the methodological complexities of including hundreds, thousands, and possibly millions, of covariates in their analyses by condensing, into a single measure, the associations between individual SNPs and the phenotype of interest (Plomin, Haworth, and Davis 2009).
Harris et al. (Tue,) studied this question.