Semi-solid-state batteries (SSSBs) represent a promising technology that combines the safety of solid electrolytes with improved manufacturability, making them attractive candidates for next-generation electric vehicle (EV) applications. However, their thermal management requirements remain poorly characterized for practical EV applications. While liquid cooling systems have been extensively studied for conventional lithium-ion batteries, systematic experimental validation for SSSB modules under realistic operating conditions is absent from the literature. This study addresses this critical gap by presenting a comprehensive experimental investigation of active liquid cooling performance in a reduced-scale SSSB module (3 cells in series, 1 parallel string). Systematic testing was conducted under constant-current operation (0.33C and 1C) and realistic driving cycles. Both passive natural convection and active liquid cooling configurations were compared at varying flow rates (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 L·min −1 ). The methodology provides comprehensive spatial and temporal temperature characterization across cells and cooling system components. This enables systematic assessment of thermal uniformity and coolant flow optimization. The results demonstrate that active cooling reduced peak temperatures from 42 °C to 33–35 °C at 1C operation. Increasing the coolant flow rate above 1.0 L·min −1 did not significantly reduce cell temperatures, with less than 0.2 °C difference between 1.0 and 2.0 L·min −1 . Temperature uniformity improved to below 5 °C across the module with active cooling. These findings establish the first experimental cooling performance benchmarks for SSSB modules and provide practical design guidance for next-generation battery thermal management systems in EV applications. • Active cooling reduced SSSB module peak temperatures from 42 °C to 33–35 °C at 1C. • Flow rates above 1.0 L/min showed diminishing returns (85% cooling benefit). • Temperature uniformity improved to <5 °C with active cooling across all cells. • First experimental validation of liquid cooling for semi-solid-state modules. • Drive cycle testing showed <3 °C temperature rise under realistic EV conditions.
García et al. (Fri,) studied this question.