The Yin and Yang of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.

Key Points

• To explore the dual role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in cardiovascular health.
• Analysis of recent literature on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular outcomes.
• Discussion of the relationship between lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.
• High-density lipoprotein cholesterol may exert both protective and harmful effects on cardiovascular health.
• The relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk is complex.