The completion of seventy-five years of independence marks a significant milestone in the evolution of Indian democracy. Since 1947, India has developed into the world’s largest democracy, grounded in the principles enshrined in the Constitution of India. This research paper critically examines the journey of Indian democracy over the past seven and a half decades, highlighting its institutional development, electoral processes, socio-political transformations, and constitutional values. It explores the role of democratic institutions such as Parliament, the judiciary, and the Election Commission in sustaining democratic governance, while also addressing persistent challenges including social inequality, communalism, regionalism, corruption, and the politics of identity. The study further evaluates the impact of economic liberalization, coalition politics, decentralization through Panchayati Raj institutions, and the rise of digital media on democratic participation. While Indian democracy has demonstrated resilience through peaceful transfers of power and vibrant electoral competition, concerns regarding institutional autonomy, civil liberties, and majoritarian tendencies warrant critical reflection. The paper argues that the future of Indian democracy depends on strengthening constitutional morality, inclusive development, and active citizen engagement. By analyzing both achievements and contemporary challenges, the study provides a balanced assessment of Indian democracy at seventy-five.
Ms. Kumbhar Bhagyashree Shamrao (Mon,) studied this question.