This study aimed to propose strategic approaches for activating ESG management by golf course type based on users’ perceptions, and the conclusions drawn from the research findings are as follows. First, the Delphi analysis identified a total of 11 ESG factors for private golf courses, consisting of four environmental, four social, and three governance factors, while a total of 12 ESG factors were derived for public golf courses, including four environmental, four social, and four governance factors. Second, the ESG factors influencing revisit intention differed by golf course type. Social and governance factors had a significant effect on revisit intention for private golf courses, whereas environmental and governance factors significantly influenced revisit intention for public golf courses, indicating differences in the ESG determinants of revisit intention across golf course types. Third, private golf course users perceived service quality and operational trust as the core criteria for revisiting, whereas public golf course users tended to regard fair operations and perceptible environmental management levels as the primary criteria for reuse. Fourth, the findings suggest that effective ESG strategies for private golf courses should focus on premium service quality and strengthening operational trust, while public golf courses should emphasize ensuring fairness and implementing experience-based environmental management strategies.
Kim et al. (Thu,) studied this question.