Self-defeating behaviors: experimental research, clinical impressions, and practical implications

1 Introduction.- Omote and Ura of Western Psychology.- Overview of Chapters in This Volume.- References.- I. How Self-Defeating Behaviors Develop and Persist.- 2 Belief Perseverance and Self-Defeating Behavior.- Tenacious Beliefs and Self-Defeating Behaviors.- Origins of Incorrect Beliefs.- Perseverance of Beliefs.- Underlying Processes.- Implications for Belief Change.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Self-Fulfilling Prophecies and Self-Defeating Behavior.- Toward a Theoretical Perspective on Self-Fulfilling Prophecies.- Implications for Self-Defeating Behavior.- General Conclusions.- References.- 4 Trying and Giving Up: Persistence and Lack of Persistence in Failure Situations.- Pathology of Low and High Expectations.- Persistence and Achievement Motivation.- Attributions and Persistence.- Dynamics of Action.- Action Control.- Attention and Self-Regulation.- Self-Handicapping Strategies.- Social-Cognitive Theory.- General Discussion.- References.- II. Self-Defeating Responses to Threat of Unpleasant Outcomes.- 5 Excuses Gone Awry: An Analysis of Self-Defeating Excuses.- How Excuses Work.- When Excuses Become Self-Defeating.- Why Self-Defeating Excuses?.- References.- 6 Making Things Harder for Yourself: Pride and Joy.- Paradox.- Making Things Harder for Yourself-Pride.- Making Things Harder for Yourself-Joy.- Pride and Joy.- Summing Up.- References.- 7 Fear of Success.- Neurotic Fear of Success.- Early Research.- Antecedents of Fear of Success.- Fear of Success and Fear of Failure.- Therapeutic Situations: Setups of Defeat for Success Fearers.- When Success Fearers Can and Cannot Succeed without Sabotaging Success.- Fear of Success in Social Psychology.- Relationships among Fear of Success and Fear of Failure Measures.- State of Theory and Implications for Future Research.- References.- 8 to Suffer or to...? Empirical Studies and Clinical Theories of Masochism.- Suffering the Slings and Arrows of Outrageous Fortune: Experimental Studies of Masochism and Choosing to Suffer.- The Undiscover'd Country: Clinical and Philosophical Ideas Regarding Masochism.- State of Theory on to Suffer and Implications for Future Research.- Increasing Likelihood of Not to Suffer Masochistically.- Summary.- References.- 9 Toward an Understanding of Self-Defeating Responses Following Victimization.- Background Model of Reactions to Victimization.- Intrusive, Recurrent Thoughts.- Self-Blame.- Negative Prior Assumptions.- References.- 10 Learned Helplessness.- Two Decades of Learned Helplessness.- Criteria for Learned Helplessness.- Evaluating Applications of Learned Helplessness.- A Survey of Applications.- Conclusions.- References.- III. When Situational Responses Become Personality Dispositions.- 11 Self-Handicapping Behavior and Self-Defeating Personality Disorder: Toward a Refined Clinical Perspective.- Perspectives on Masochism.- Self-Esteem Protection: Self-Handicapping Formulation.- Self-Defeating Personality Disorder.- Implications of Proposed Trifurcation.- Summary.- Appendix: Diagnostic Criteria for Self-Handicapping Disorder.- References.- 12 Controversies Concerning Self-Defeating Personality Disorder.- Historical Precedents.- DSM-III-R Criteria Set for SDPD.- Critiques.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 13 Paradox of Self: A Psychodynamic and Social-Cognitive Integration.- Psychodynamic Approaches: Masochism and Three Harsh Masters.- Evaluation of Psychodynamic Models of Self.- Social-Cognitive Approaches: Some Like It Cold.- Evaluation of Social-Cognitive Models of Self.- Unresolved Issues in Paradox of Self.- Toward an Integrated Theory of Self-Representations.- Conclusion.- References.- IV. Conclusions.- 14 Integration: Conditions under Which Self-Defeating and Self-Enhancing Behaviors Develop.- Review of Themes That Emerge in These Chapters.- Conditions under Which Self-Defeating Behaviors Occur.- An Outline for an Integrated Model of Self-Defeating Behaviors.- Applications of Integrated Model.- Implications for Change.- Conclusions.- References.- Author Index.