Autonomous wheelchair navigation requires both reliable global guidance and safe local interaction with the environment, typically addressed using separate perception and control strategies. This paper presents a unified vision-based control framework that combines learning-based corridor following with image-based obstacle avoidance under a common visual servoing perspective. This work provides a unified interpretation of learning-based and analytical control as complementary realizations of visual servoing. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to directly predict steering commands from monocular images, enabling robust corridor following without explicit feature extraction. In parallel, obstacle avoidance is formulated as an image-based visual servoing (IBVS) task, where detected obstacles are represented as image features and regulated toward safe regions. A supervisory control strategy coordinates these components by prioritizing safety-critical avoidance when necessary, while maintaining nominal navigation otherwise. The system is implemented using a single monocular camera and deployed on a low-cost embedded platform. Experimental results demonstrate that the CNN-based module maintains stable performance under challenging visual conditions, while the IBVS controller provides predictable and reliable avoidance behavior. The proposed framework highlights the complementary roles of learning-based and analytical visual servoing, offering a practical and scalable solution for assistive autonomous mobility.
A. H. Abdul Abdul Hafez (Fri,) studied this question.