Evaluation of Functional Outcome in the Management of Dorsolumbar Spine Fractures with Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation by Minimally Invasive Technique

Abstract Background: Fractures involving the dorsolumbar junction (T11–L2) frequently follow severe trauma such as road traffic collisions or falls from height. This segment of the spine lies at a biomechanical transition point between the curved thoracic region and the inward-arched lumbar region, subjecting it to high stress during injury. Conventional open fixation requires wide surgical exposure of deep paraspinal tissues, increasing the potential for postoperative pain and delayed rehabilitation. Minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (MIS-PPSF) aims to provide equivalent mechanical stability with far less soft-tissue damage. Objective: To evaluate both functional and radiological recovery in patients with acute dorsolumbar fractures treated by MIS-PPSF. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 30 patients who underwent MIS-Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) for acute traumatic fractures. Parameters assessed included kyphotic angle correction, vertebral height restoration, pain relief (VAS) visual analog scale, disability score (ODI) oswestry disability index, neurological function (ASIA) american spinal injury association, and mobility (LEFS) lower extremity functional scale. Follow-up visits were conducted immediately postsurgery and at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.5 years, with a predominance of males (80%). The leading cause of injury was road accidents (80%), followed by falls (20%). L1 vertebra fractures were most common. Average surgery time was 85 min, mean blood loss 90 ml, and patients began mobilizing within 24 h on average. LEFS improved from 32 pre-operatively to ~70 at 6 months, with stable values at 1 year. Kyphotic correction achieved postoperatively was largely maintained at 1 year. Only one superficial infection was recorded. Conclusion: MIS-PPSF is a safe and effective approach for selected dorsolumbar fractures, enabling early mobility, preserving alignment, and minimizing surgical morbidity compared to traditional open fixation.