This article examines the theoretical foundations and economic consequences of international labor migration for both labor-exporting and labor-importing countries. It analyzes classical and modern migration theories, including the neoclassical approach, segmented labor market theory, and the “push-pull” model. Particular attention is given to micro- and macroeconomic models of migration. The study outlines key migration effects: impacts on the labor market, economic growth, public finances, and the role of remittances and brain drain. In the context of globalization and integration processes, the article emphasizes the political and economic aspects of migration flow regulation and migrant integration mechanisms. Long-term migration effects on employment structure, demographics, innovation, and the global division of labor are also theoretically explored. The study is theoretical in nature and is based on the analysis of academic literature and data from international organizations. The findings may serve as a basis for further research and for the development of balanced migration policies.
Surina et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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