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Owing to a number of issues, routing in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) has become a difficult task. First, the distance between nodes in the UASN varies due to their mobility with the water current, increasing the network’s energy usage. The scientific data is taken, and the data packets are transferred over the acoustic network to the onshore base station. Second, due to the dangerous environment, the underwater acoustic network has various obstacles, including longer propagation delays and limited bandwidth availability. The most significant restriction is the inefficient transmission of data packets from the underwater sensor node to the onshore sink node. To attain optimum efficiency, identifying an energy-efficient approach is insufficient. Due to harsh climatic conditions or energy loss, the underwater routing protocol must be able to survive link failure. A new optimization protocol is developed based on the biological inspiration is Hybrid Whale-Lion optimization Algorithm. To overcome all the above-mentioned problems the Hybrid Whale-Lion optimization Algorithm have been proposed. The algorithm is implemented in NS2 simulator, and the performance was compared with buffalo optimization algorithm. The simulation results show throughput, packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency increases and shows better performance when compared with BOA.
Ganesh et al. (Thu,) studied this question.