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The most effective method of improving the retrieval performance of a document retrieval system is to acquire a detailed specification of the user's information need. The system described in this article, I3R, provides a number of facilities and search strategies based on this approach. The system uses a novel architecture to allow more than one system facility to be used at a given stage of a search session. Users influence the system actions by stating goals they wish to achieve, by evaluating system output, and by choosing particular facilities directly. The other main features of I3R are an emphasis on domain knowledge used for refining the model of the information need, and the provision of a browsing mechanism that allows the user to navigate through the knowledge base. © 1987 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Croft et al. (Sun,) studied this question.