Prospective Validation of the “Fifty-Fifty” Criteria as an Early and Accurate Predictor of Death After Liver Resection in Intensive Care Unit Patients

BACKGROUND: Postoperative liver failure after hepatectomy has been identified by the association of prothrombin time 50 micromol/L (the "50-50" criteria). Whether these criteria are of prognostic value in a prospective study remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine prospectively the prognostic value of the 50-50 criteria on day 3 and day 5 in intensive care unit (ICU) patients after hepatectomy. METHODS: From January 2005 to February 2007, among 436 elective liver resections, 99 (23%) consecutive patients aged 58 +/- 17 years were admitted postoperatively in ICU with a mean SAPSII 25 +/- 10. Malignant disease was present in 87 and major resections (30% in 19, 23, and 17 patients, respectively. RESULTS: The 50-50 criteria were present on day 3 in 10 patients and on day 5 in 13. Ten patients (10, 6%) died in ICU. Survivors with these criteria were characterized by early aggressive support including reoperation and/or liver assist system. Nonsurvivors were more often cirrhotic, had significantly higher SAPS II and more frequently postoperative prolonged mechanical ventilation. The 50-50 criteria on days 3 and 5 were predictors of death on multivariate analysis OR (95% CI): 12.7 (2.3-71.4), OR (95% CI): 29.4 (4.9-167), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: After hepatic resection, results of this prospective study validate the 50-50 criteria as a predictive factor of mortality in ICU on both days 3 and 5. These criteria allow an early diagnosis of postoperative liver failure, which may contribute to reduce mortality in ICU patients after hepatectomy.