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We successfully synthesized a safe, high-capacity cathode material specifically engineered for EV applications with a full concentration gradient (FCG) of Ni and Co ions at a fixed Mn content throughout the particles. The electrochemical and thermal properties of the FCG LiNi(0.54)Co(0.16)Mn(0.30)O2 were evaluated and compared to those of conventional LiNi(0.5) Co(0.2) Mn(0.3)O2 and LiNi(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3)O2 materials. It was found that the FCG LiNi(0.54)Co(0.16)Mn(0.30)O2 demonstrated a higher discharge capacity and a superior lithium intercalation stability compared to LiNi(0.5) Co(0.2)Mn(0.3)O2 and LiNi(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3)O2 over all of the tested voltage ranges. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and transition-metal dissolution demonstrate that the microstructure of primary particle with rod-shaped morphology plays an important role in reducing metal dissolution, which thereby decreases the charge transfer resistance as a result of stabilization of the host structure.
Noh et al. (Fri,) studied this question.