Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts

I. Adiabatic Invariants and Magnetospheric Models.- I.1 Preliminary Considerations.- I.2 Action-Angle Variables.- I.3 Liouville's Theorem.- I.4 The Dipole Field.- I.5 The Distorted Field.- I.6 Magnetospheric Electric Fields.- I.7 Flux Mapping and Shell Tracing.- II. Pitch-Angle Diffusion.- II.1 Violation of an Adiabatic Invariant.- II.2 Collisions.- II.3 Wave-Particle Interactions.- II.4 Bounce Resonance.- II.5 Cyclotron Resonance.- II.6 Limit on Trapped Flux.- II.7 Weak Diffusion and Strong Diffusion.- III. Radial Diffusion.- III.1 Violation of the Third Invariant.- III.2 Magnetic Impulses.- III.3 Electrostatic Impulses.- III.4 Bounce Resonance.- III.5 Cyclotron Resonance.- III.6 Bohm Diffusion.- III.7 Shell Splitting.- III.8 Diffusion in More Than One Mode.- IV. Prototype Observations.- IV.1 Preliminary Considerations.- IV.2 Decay of Particle Flux (Inner Zone).- IV.3 Decay of Particle Flux (Outer Zone).- IV.4 Statistical Observations.- IV.5 Static Flux Profiles.- IV.6 Time-Varying Flux Profiles.- I V.7 Fluctuating Magnetospheric Fields.- IV.8 Drift Echoes.- V. Methods of Empirical Analysis.- V.1 Basic Objectives.- V.2 Pitch-Angle Eigenmodes.- V.3 Quadrature (Spatial).- V.4 Quadrature (Temporal).- V.5 Variational Method.- V.6 Temporal Integration.- V.7 Spatial Integration.- VI. Summary.- References.- Frequently used Symbols.