IT/OT challenges and opportunities to improve cyber resiliency for utilities: a review paper

As utilities increasingly rely on interconnected digital systems, the integration of IT and OT has become crucial for ensuring cybersecurity. However, this integration presents significant challenges due to differing priorities, governance models, and the inherent complexities of disparate technologies. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the report’s proposed strategies, which are grounded in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework, to mitigate these challenges. The review identifies the report’s comprehensive approach to presenting risks and recommendations, alignment with existing cybersecurity practices, and its practical implications for utility companies. By comparing the report’s content with existing literature, this paper assesses its contributions to the field and suggests areas for further research, particularly the need for empirical validation of the recommended strategies. This study proposes solutions including the use of automated tools for continuous monitoring, blockchain for data integrity, and AI-driven supply chain risk management to address these vulnerabilities. Additionally, we explore the potential of machine learning for predictive analytics, quantum-resistant encryption, and advanced network segmentation to secure critical infrastructure. This research contributes to the academic discourse by providing a comprehensive framework that utilities can adopt to mitigate risks and leverage technological opportunities for improved security.