After a brief historical introduction of quantum thermodynamics, we present its main goal and objectives, from fundamental questions to practical applications in quantum technologies. We then introduce the standard thermodynamic framework for quantum systems, valid in the weak coupling limit and in thermal environments. Extensions to strong coupling and non-thermal baths are briefly mentioned. Then, using this standard thermodynamic framework, we describe the quantum version of the Otto cycle and Carnot cycle for heat-to-work conversion as well as for refrigeration. The analysis of their differences is used to introduce the concept of entropy production at the quantum level, which quantifies irreversibility and is responsible for loss of efficiency. Then, we present a simple description of an autonomous quantum refrigerator, a promising device for qubit re-initialisation in quantum technologies. Finally, we briefly mention some quantum effects in heat engines and refrigerators. We conclude with a perspective on the main goals of quantum thermodynamics.
Camille Lombard-Latune (Wed,) studied this question.