The relationship between children's habitual activity level and psychological well-being

Aim: To explore the relationship between habitual physical activity and psychological well-being in children. Methods: Seventy children (35 boys, 35 girls), age 10.4±0.4 y, wore hip pedometers over a period of 7 d. Well-being was conceptualized as the presence of global self-esteem and the absence of anxiety and depression and assessed with the use of three questionnaires. Results: Correlation analyses revealed that habitual physical activity had a strong association with global self-esteem (r=0.66), depression (r=−0.60) and anxiety (r=−0.48). However, using partial correlations, the significant relationships were removed for anxiety and depression, but remained for self-esteem (r=0.36). When groups were created based upon activity level, children achieving >12 000 steps/day had more positive psychological profiles than children achieving <9200 steps/day. Conclusion: The results support the findings from previous studies that have explored the relationship between physical activity and well-being, but represent the first to use a mechanical measure of physical activity over a 7-d period to assess the relationships. The actual step counts associated with more positive psychological well-being can be shown to be in line with the recommended guidelines that children accumulate a minimum of 60 min of moderate-intensity activity per day.