E-government and E-governance: Various or Multifarious Concepts

E-government and E-governance (as terms and as concepts) are often treated as synonymous and used interchangeably in the academic literature or formal documents. There is no universally accepted definition of both terms / or abstractions. Such conceptual uncertainty has a negative impact on the development of digital democracy. The research objective of this article is to provide a deeper understanding of e-government and e-governance concepts through empirical studies and scatter the existing ambiguity in differences between these two concepts as this variety is not just questions of academic nuance. Based on a comparative analysis of e-government and e-governance definitions and conceptual meanings, this article offers an approach according to which e-government and e-governance represents two closely related and co-existing various concepts.