Factor Analysis of Dairy Cattle Development in Russian Regions

The main task of dairy cattle breeding as one of the most important branches of the agro-food complex is to provide the population with milk and dairy products, and business with the necessary raw materials for the production process. Today, only 20% of Russian regions fully provide themselves with milk and dairy products, the level of self-sufficiency is 67.6%. It is possible to increase milk production by increasing the number of highly productive livestock and increasing milk yield from one cow, taking into account the proposed groups of factors. The main breeds of domestic cows have a high genetic potential and the possibility of further increasing their productivity. To assess the degree and nature of the relationship between the indicators of dairy productivity of cows and the factors that cause them, a correlation and regression analysis was carried out by solving the problem of multiple correlation. Factor analysis was carried out taking into account the impact of natural and climatic conditions on the results of agricultural production, since it is their influence that determines its results. Any kind of productivity is determined by the complex interaction of heredity and environmental conditions. It is known that temperature, humidity and saturation of the environment with gases have an adverse effect on the dairy productivity of cows. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the structure, quality and cost of the feed ration depend primarily on local climatic conditions. With proper feeding, maintenance and use, cows can show high productivity up to 8-10 lactation. For this purpose, the studied set of agricultural enterprises was divided into three natural and economic zones. In each natural and climatic zone, the influence of the same factors on milk yield is ambiguous, which is important when predicting the activities of an agricultural organization. The parameters of the developed regression equations can be used to predict the performance of agricultural organizations in various regions of the Russian Federation.