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Modern large-scale language models approach the quality of human-level writing. This promises the advent of AI writing companions performing AI-led writing under human control, surpassing traditional writing tools limited to revision and ideation supports. However, human-AI co-writing may endanger writers’ control, autonomy, and ownership by overstepping co-creative boundaries. Our design workbook study with 7 hobbyists and 13 professional writers elicited three sets of primary barriers to the adoption of human-AI co-writing. Storywriters desire retaining control over writing rather than letting AI take the lead when they (1) prioritize emotional values in turning ideas into words over the productivity of AI-generated writing; (2) have high self-confidence and distrust AI in challenging sub-tasks (e.g., creating characters and dialogue); and (3) expect the AI control mechanism to mismatch their writing strategies. We lay the groundwork for AI companions that respect storywriters’ personal values and writing methods.
Biermann et al. (Sun,) studied this question.