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The state estimation problem in electric power systems consists of four basic operations: hypothesize structure; estimate; detect; identify. This paper addresses the last two problems with respect to the bad data and structural error problem. The paper interrelates various detection and identification methods (sum of squared residuals, weighted and normalized residuals, nonquadratic criteria) and presents new results on bad data analysis (probability of detection, effect of bad data). The theoretical results are illustrated by means of a 25 bus network.
Handschin et al. (Sat,) studied this question.