Vacuum degeneracy of chiral spin states in compactified space

A chiral spin state is not only characterized by the T and P order parameter E₁₂₃=S₁ (S₂S₃), it is also characterized by an integer k. In this paper we show that this integer k can be determined from the vacuum degeneracy of the chiral spin state on compactified spaces. On a Riemann surface with genus g the vacuum degeneracy of the chiral spin state is found to be 2k^g. Among those vacuum states, some k^g states have 〈E₁₂₃〉>0, while other k^g states have 〈E₁₂₃〉0. The dependence of the vacuum degeneracy on the topology of the space reflects some sort of topological ordering in the chiral spin state. In general the topological ordering in a system is classified by topological theories.