A risk prediction model incorporating sex, age at diagnosis, and anthracycline and chest radiotherapy doses accurately predicted heart failure by age 40 in childhood cancer survivors (AUC 0.74).
Cohort (n=20,504)
Yes
Can a risk prediction model based on demographic and cancer treatment characteristics accurately predict individual risk of heart failure among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer?
A risk prediction model using sex, age at cancer diagnosis, and anthracycline/chest radiotherapy doses can accurately predict the risk of heart failure in childhood cancer survivors through age 40.
Effect estimate: AUC 0.74
PURPOSE: To create clinically useful models that incorporate readily available demographic and cancer treatment characteristics to predict individual risk of heart failure among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Survivors in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) free of significant cardiovascular disease 5 years after cancer diagnosis (n = 13,060) were observed through age 40 years for the development of heart failure (ie, requiring medications or heart transplantation or leading to death). Siblings (n = 4,023) established the baseline population risk. An additional 3,421 survivors from Emma Children's Hospital (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), the National Wilms Tumor Study, and the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study were used to validate the CCSS prediction models. RESULTS: Heart failure occurred in 285 CCSS participants. Risk scores based on selected exposures (sex, age at cancer diagnosis, and anthracycline and chest radiotherapy doses) achieved an area under the curve of 0.74 and concordance statistic of 0.76 at or through age 40 years. Validation cohort estimates ranged from 0.68 to 0.82. Risk scores were collapsed to form statistically distinct low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups, corresponding to cumulative incidences of heart failure at age 40 years of 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2% to 0.8%), 2.4% (95% CI, 1.8% to 3.0%), and 11.7% (95% CI, 8.8% to 14.5%), respectively. In comparison, siblings had a cumulative incidence of 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1% to 0.5%). CONCLUSION: Using information available to clinicians soon after completion of childhood cancer therapy, individual risk for subsequent heart failure can be predicted with reasonable accuracy and discrimination. These validated models provide a framework on which to base future screening strategies and interventions.
Chow et al. (Tue,) conducted a cohort in Childhood cancer survivors at risk of heart failure (n=20,504). Risk prediction model (sex, age at cancer diagnosis, anthracycline and chest radiotherapy doses) vs. Siblings (baseline population risk) was evaluated on Development of heart failure (requiring medications or heart transplantation or leading to death) (AUC 0.74). A risk prediction model incorporating sex, age at diagnosis, and anthracycline and chest radiotherapy doses accurately predicted heart failure by age 40 in childhood cancer survivors (AUC 0.74).