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Instantons lead to strong correlations between up and down quarks with spin zero and antisymmetric color wave functions. In cold and dense matter, n₁>n₂1fm^-3 and T<T₂50 MeV, these pairs Bose condense, replacing the usual 〈qq〉 condensate and restoring chiral symmetry. At high density, the ground state is a color superconductor in which diquarks play the role of Cooper pairs. An interesting toy model is provided by QCD with two colors: it has a particle-antiparticle symmetry which relates 〈qq〉 and 〈qq〉 condensates.
Rapp et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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