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We present a versatile construction and deformation method for head models with anatomical structure, suitable for real-time physics-based facial animation. The model is equipped with landmark data on skin and skull, which allows us to deform the head in anthropometrically meaningful ways. On any deformed model, the underlying muscle and bone structure is adapted as well, such that the model remains completely animatable using the same muscle contraction parameters. We employ this general technique to fit a generic head model to imperfect scan data, and to simulate head growth from early childhood to adult age.
Kähler et al. (Sun,) studied this question.