The economic impacts of Russia–Ukraine War export disruptions of grain commodities

Using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) computable general equilibrium model, we analyze the economic impacts of grain export disruptions caused by the Russia-Ukraine War during the first year of hostilities. The simulation results indicate that these disruptions not only affect Ukraine and Russia but also generate significant economic impacts across other world regions. Ukraine is projected to experience the largest impact on its own economy, with a real GDP loss of 859 million. In contrast, Russia's GDP is projected to decline by only 3. 8 million, primarily due to its much lower dependence on grain exports and to favorable terms of trade effects.