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In bacteriophage, acridine mutagens such as proflavine add or delete nucleotides from the DNA. If the addition or deletion of nucleotides is not a multiple of 3 bases, the translation of the genetic message which occurs in unpunctuated triplets is shifted out of frame (Crick, Barnett, Brenner, and Watts-Tobin, 1961). These mutations are called frameshift mutations. In contrast to the results with bacteriophage systems, attempts to mutate bacteria with proflavine or similar acridines have met with little success (Orgel, 1965).
Ames et al. (Sat,) studied this question.