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Both foundations of the modified extended family model, residential location and marital status, determine exchange patterns. Another dimension of family exchange is the history of relationships; adult children were once members of the nuclear household and relationships and patterns of exchange began in that setting. Families build on past relationships as well as being responsive to differences in the needs of its family members. Furthermore, the number of parent-child dyads within a family affect interaction patterns.
Donna L. Hoyert (Sat,) studied this question.