Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
The paper deals with the modified Raychaudhuri equation (RE) within the framework of homogeneous and isotropic Fractal Universe. Focusing of a congruence of time-like geodesics has been examined for three generic choices of the fractal function. Finally, comments on the existence and possible avoidance of the initial big-bang singularity have been made by examining the sign of convergence scalar in the fractal models under consideration.
Chakraborty et al. (Fri,) studied this question.