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In this paper, we show that the quantum Zeno effect can occur for generalized quantum measurements or operations. As a consequence of frequently performing nonselective measurements (or trace-preserving completely positive maps), the evolution of a certain measurement-invariant state is governed by an effective Hamiltonian defined by the measurement (or map) and the free-evolution Hamiltonian. For selective measurements, the state may change randomly with time according to measurement outcomes, but some physical quantities (operators) still evolve according to the effective Hamiltonian.
Li et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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