FOIS introduction

This introduction to the Second International Conference on Formal Ontology and Information Systems presents a brief history of ontology as a discipline spanning the boundaries of philosophy and information science. We sketch some of the reasons for the growth of ontology in the information science field, and offer a preliminary stocktaking of how the term 'ontology' is currently used. We conclude by suggesting some grounds for optimism as concerns the future collaboration between philosophical ontologists and information scientistsPhilosophical ontology is the science of what is, of the kinds and structures of objects, properties, events, processes and relations in every area of reality. Philosophical ontology takes many forms, from the metaphysics of Aristotle to the object-theory of Alexius Meinong. The term 'ontology' (or ontologia) was itself coined in 1613, independently, by two philosophers, Rudolf Göckel (Goclenius), in his Lexicon philosophicum and Jacob Lorhard (Lorhardus), in his Theatrum philosophicum. Its first occurrence in English as recorded by the OED appears in Bailey's dictionary of 1721, which defines ontology as 'an Account of being in the Abstract'Regardless of its name, what we now refer to as philosophical ontology has sought the definitive and exhaustive classification of entities in all spheres of being. It can thus be conceived as a kind of generalized chemistry. The taxonomies which result from philosophical ontology have been intended to be definitive in the sense that they could serve as answers to such questions as: What classes of entities are needed for a complete description and explanation of all the goings-on in the universe? Or: What classes of entities are needed to give an account of what makes true all truths? They have been designed to be exhaustive in the sense that all types of entities should be included, including also the types of relations by which entities are tied together.