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Faced with constant increasingly complicated communication network architecture issues and blossoming traffic demand over wireless systems, it is still insufficient for dynamic spectrum resource allocation in the fifth generation (5G) networks if cognitive radio (CR) technology lacks intelligence. For an efficient real-time process, a distributed cognitive cellular network is proposed in this article, which integrates artificial intelligence and CR technology into a sophisticated multi-agent system (MAS). It is a novel paradigm for 5G cellular communication networks. Balancing the resource allocation among primary users, secondary users, and base stations is of fundamental importance for dynamic time-frequency-space resource allocation to improve the utilization of the spectrum resources in the cognitive cellular network. We introduce a four-layer distributed networking framework and establish a hierarchical MAS model. Furthermore, we expound the key methods and technologies and evaluate the effectiveness through numerical simulations. Finally, challenges and open issues are discussed.
Wang et al. (Sat,) studied this question.