“Can she hear me?”—Questions of experience and suffering in cognitive motor dissociation

Care for patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) has been transformed by advanced neurotechnologies capable of detecting cognitive-motor dissociation (CMD)—volitional brain activity in patients who appear unresponsive on bedside examination. Recent evidence suggests that up to one in four patients diagnosed with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may harbor covert consciousness, and that CMD is associated with significantly improved functional outcomes. These findings have challenged a longstanding therapeutic nihilism in the care of patients with DoC, and professional societies now recommend routine CMD assessment to inform advance care planning. However, the limitations of these technologies warrant careful consideration. This article examines the ethical implications of CMD detection from a neuropalliative care perspective. It argues that suffering in patients with DoC extends beyond nociception to encompass existential dimensions that are often overlooked, and that the presumption of consciousness should guide clinical care regardless of imaging findings. Furthermore, it proposes that advanced neurotechnologies should be deployed not only as diagnostic and prognostic tools, but as therapeutic instruments for communication, connection, and quality of life—benefits that hold value independent of functional recovery. As technological capabilities in consciousness detection advance, the ethical obligation to attend to the present experience of these patients deepens correspondingly.