What does this research mean for the field?

In individuals with spinal cord injury and chronic pain, both daily state-like and trait-like resilience improve same-day psychosocial outcomes, while baseline trait resilience specifically predicts long-term social participation rather than emotional well-being. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.SUPPORTS_CONSENSUS.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to explore the relationship between state and trait resilience and their impact on psychosocial adjustment in individuals with spinal cord injury and chronic pain.

June 1, 2026

Examining state and trait resilience in individuals with spinal cord injury and chronic pain: A daily and longitudinal analysis.

Key Points

The research aims to explore the relationship between state and trait resilience and their impact on psychosocial adjustment in individuals with spinal cord injury and chronic pain.
Conducted a prospective observational study using ecological momentary assessment and surveys over two time points (baseline and 6-month follow-up).
Participants reported on resilience, pain intensity, and psychosocial outcomes through validated scales.
Analyzed daily resilience with linear mixed-effects models and trait resilience with multiple regression, controlling for relevant factors.
Higher daily resilience levels were significantly linked to better same-day psychological outcomes, including well-being and reduced depressive symptoms.
Trait-like resilience at baseline only predicted social participation at 6 months, with no significant prediction for long-term emotional well-being or anxiety.
Findings underscore the importance of both state-like and trait-like resilience in managing pain and improving social interactions.

Abstract

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: This study examined how resilience, conceptualized at both the within-person (state-like) and between-person (trait-like) levels, relates to psychological and social adjustment among individuals with spinal cord injury and chronic pain. RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN: A prospective observational study combining ecological momentary assessment and traditional survey methods was conducted over two time points (baseline and a 6-month follow-up). Participants reported on resilience, pain intensity, and psychosocial outcomes using validated scales. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine daily (state-like) resilience in relation to end-of-day positive affect, well-being, social participation, depressive symptoms, and anxiety while controlling for daily pain intensity and between-person resilience. Multiple regression models tested whether baseline (trait-like) resilience predicted psychosocial outcomes 6 months later, adjusting for baseline levels of each outcome, pain intensity, and relevant covariates. RESULTS: Higher levels of both daily state-like and trait-like resilience were significantly associated with better same-day psychological and social outcomes. These associations remained significant after controlling for pain intensity and demographic/injury-related covariates. In contrast, trait-like resilience at baseline only predicted social participation at 6 months and was not a significant predictor of long-term emotional well-being, anxiety, or depression. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: Our findings support the conceptualization of resilience as both an adaptable, immediate resource and a stable trait. Daily resilience may represent an important intervention target to improve real-time management, whereas trait resilience may have a greater impact on long-term social functioning. This study highlights the potential for developing personalized interventions that promote both state-like and trait-like resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

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Cite This Study

Kuzu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1d216202fbce91306375ed https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000669

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