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C onservationists in Africa are struggling to develop new approaches to protect the continent's spectacular natural heritage. The challenge is to design strategies that not only will ensure the long-term viability of species and ecosystems but also will be politically and economically acceptable to local communities and governments. One approach that has gained considerable attention in recent years is the integrated conservation and development project (ICDP), which attempts to link the conservation of biological diversity within a protected area to social and economic development outside that protected area. In ICDPs, incentives are typically provided to local communities in the form of shared decision-making authority, employment, revenue sharing, limited harvesting of plant and animal species, or provision of community facilities, such as dispensaries, schools, bore holes, roads, and woodlots, in exchange for the community's support for conservation.
Newmark et al. (Sat,) studied this question.