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The universality of the state-variable approach to network analysis is demonstrated in general discussions and specific examples. The method of formulation of the state equations for an arbitrary lumped, linear, finite, reciprocal, passive, time-invariant network is presented fully, while the relaxation of these restrictions is indicated in detail; i.e., the state-variable characterization of active, nonreciprocal, time-variable, and nonlinear networks is discussed. Finally, there is a brief guide of the current research where the state-variable analysis is brought to bear upon certain qualitative aspects of classical and nonclassical network behavior.
Kuh et al. (Fri,) studied this question.