The state of Democratic Republic of Congo (hereafter DRC) and corporations violate human rights and neglect environment in cobalt mining.These abuses and degradations/destructions are not only serious but also structural.Many conflicts arise concerning possession of natural resource wealth.The DRC has suffered ceaseless conflict for nearly two decades, as well as 'highly organized and systematic exploitation' of its resources.The population of Congo migrates toward mining areas in search of work and means to support their lives even in conditions of slavery, and groups engaged in armed conflict reap the much benefit from mining.Rebel groups and the army are fighting for control of the mines, and have used a mass rape and kidnappings to gain control.In cobalt mining and trade in the DRC, corruption and violence are institutionalized to 'violent kleptocracy system'.
典良(訳) 竹村 (Mon,) studied this question.