This paper investigates the integration of a 5 MW photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation (DG) system into the 66 kV Tragan sub-transmission network in southern Libya, a weak grid with poor voltage performance and high reactive power demand. The PV system is sized using PV*SOL, while load flow and contingency analyses are carried out using NEPLAN. The results show that PV-DG significantly improves network performance. Real power losses are reduced by 30. 6% (from 3. 501 MW to 2. 429 MW), while the minimum bus voltage increases from 90. 4% to 97. 8%, eliminating all five voltage violations. Under N-1 contingency conditions, the minimum voltage during transformer outage improves from 87. 2% to 94. 2%, satisfying operational limits. The analysis also shows that PV alone cannot fully support the evening peak, and a 3 MW/6 MWh battery is recommended. Furthermore, an economic assessment based on actual generation cost gives a payback period of 6. 5 years, and a negative carbon abatement cost (–149/tCO₂). Environmentally, annual CO₂ emissions are reduced by 4, 813 tons. Overall, the study confirms that PV-DG is a practical and effective solution for improving weak desert networks such as Tragan, although battery storage, transformer upgrades, and proper protection coordination are needed to achieve full system reliability.
Alaromi et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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