Five distinct clinical phenotypes identified via cluster analysis in 10,164 hypertensive patients showed highly significant differences in cardiovascular risk profiles and comorbidities (p<0.001).
Observational (n=10,164)
Cluster analysis of hypertensive patients identified five distinct phenotypes with differing risk profiles, comorbidities, and treatment patterns, providing a framework for personalized risk assessment and management.
p-value: p=<0.001
Objective: To identify clinical phenotypes among hypertensive patients using unsupervised cluster analysis based on a comprehensive set of demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, comorbidity, treatment variables. Design and method: A cluster analysis was performed on registry data using Gower's distance and hierarchical clustering. Clustering was based on key parameters: sex, age, body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity. Lifestyle factors, family history, and comorbidities were analyzed. Comparisons used Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests with Holm correction (R 4.3.3). Results: Five distinct phenotypes (n=10,164) were identified with highly significant differences (p30). Has the highest prevalence of both CHF (62.1%) and CAD (55.4%), highest use of statins (55.2%) and beta-blockers (63.7%). 2. (Male, Lower Obesity, High-Risk Lifestyle): Exclusively male, mostly normal weight (19% obese), with the highest rates of smoking (40%) and alcohol use. Very high prevalence of CAD (54.5%) and CHF (54.9%), with high use of therapies. 3. (Female with Severe Obesity): Exclusively female with severe obesity and the highest prevalence of T2DM (25.5%). CAD (31.6%) and CHF (43.0%) rates are lower than in male clusters, but CKD prevalence is notable. Therapy use is relatively low. 4. (Female with Abdominal Obesity): Predominantly female with abdominal obesity but normal BMI. Characterized by low smoking rates. Shows intermediate cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence with high rate of CKD. Therapy use is moderate. 5. (Female, Low-Risk Profile): Female, normal weight, no abdominal obesity, and the lowest rates of smoking. It has the lowest prevalence of CAD (29.8%) and CHF (38.8%), and use of statins and beta-blockers. Conclusions: Cluster analysis reveals five clinically distinct hypertension phenotypes with differences in risk profiles, comorbidity, and treatment variables. The gradient of obesity within each sex group shows that severe obesity in males (Cluster 1) is associated with the greatest CVD burden, while in females, severe obesity (Cluster 3) is more strongly linked to metabolic comorbidity. This sex- and phenotype-stratified analysis provides a robust framework for personalized risk assessment and management.
Aksenova et al. (Fri,) conducted a observational in Hypertension (n=10,164). Clinical phenotypes (Cluster analysis) vs. Between-cluster comparison was evaluated on Differences among identified clinical phenotypes (p=<0.001). Five distinct clinical phenotypes identified via cluster analysis in 10,164 hypertensive patients showed highly significant differences in cardiovascular risk profiles and comorbidities (p<0.001).