mutations, a positive family history, and consanguinity were consistently associated with CHL. Infectious etiologies, particularly congenital cytomegalovirus, were prominent across studies, with TORCH infections also commonly implicated. Perinatal risk factors, including neonatal intensive care unit admission, low birth weight, and hyperbilirubinemia, were frequently reported in affected children. Environmental exposures, especially to ototoxic medications, were noted as significant contributors, often acting synergistically with other risk factors like infections or genetic conditions. Sensorineural hearing loss, predominantly bilateral, emerged as the most common type reported. CHL is a multifactorial condition, with genetic and infectious causes being most prevalent. Targeted screening and preventive strategies addressing these risk domains are crucial for early detection and management.
Lalchandani et al. (Mon,) studied this question.