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Electrospun fibers often have beads as byproducts. Bead formation can be substantially minimized by the introduction of additives, such as ionic salts or surfactants, to the electrospinning polymeric solution. Polyetherimide (PEI) fibers were fabricated using electrospinning. Four different additives, Lithium Chloride (LiCl), Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Triton X-100 and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HTAB) were utilized to alter the polymer solution electrical conductivity and surface tensions. The effects of solution conductivity and surface tension on the electrospinning and the thermal, mechanical stability of the polymeric fibers were investigated. Morphology, thermal properties, permeability and mechanical strength of the fiber mats were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Frazier Permeability Test, and Tensile tester respectively. The addition of 1.5wt.% HTAB was found to be the optimum concentration to produce PEI fibers without beads. The addition of HTAB produced fiber mats with higher air permeability, higher thermal stability and higher mechanical strength in comparison to the other additives. Finally, a filtration test was conducted on a simple custom model to compare the performance of beaded and non-beaded PEI fiber mats. The non-beaded PEI fiber mat performed better in terms of both separation efficiency (%E) and differential pressure drop (ΔP) separating water droplets from diesel fuel.
Abutaleb et al. (Tue,) studied this question.