Respiratory Sound Abnormality Classification using Multipath Deep Learning Method

The respiratory sound classification paper focuses on analyzing sounds collected through the stethoscope at various chest positions to understand critical concerns of human breathing. Most doctors used a stethoscope for auscultation of lung sounds, along with heart sound, as a basic checkup and utilized later in predicting chest pathology. Using deep learning-based sound classification can build intelligent digital stethoscopes or understand overall health conditions later used along with other Lung organ analyses. The solution enables affordable and practical tools for remote parts of India, where doctors or specialists are not keen to work. Such solutions can be used as first analysis before further investigation by traveling to far-off specialist hospitals. The lung sound was prepared and hosted by a team from the University of Coimbra, Portugal; the University de Aveiro, Portugal; and the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece and the collaboration at Kaggle website lung sounds of patients who are Normal lung functioning and with some anomaly collected. The collected lung sounds are labeled as Normal, seven classes - Abnormal. Overall, eight levels are considered to classify using a deep learning model. The paper proposes a multipath convolution neural network (CNN) model for analyzing sound after exploring all approaches, like Recurrent Neural network (RNN), Machine learning models like SVM, and other CNN models as per paper 3. Lung sound is processed using signal processing methods and converts wav files to Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), Mel spectrogram, and chromatogram from a waveform or power spectrogram. Instead of using one feature among three, the paper built a Multipath CNN model to feed all three components to model and concatenate feature maps to classify the classes. The model was evaluated with various parameters like accuracy and F1 score. The proposed model gives 96.17% for the dataset used. The result implies data, and a multipath approach helps to fuse features extracted from different images and allows models to classify well.