Dynamic Analysis of Aortic Flows: Transient Response of Flow-Compliance and Flow-Resistance When Subjected to Sinusoidal Variations of Input Pressure

Abstract The dynamic response of the ascending aorta to sinusoidal pressure inputs using the hyperelastic Mooney–Rivlin model was explored in this study. Flow capacitance models were deployed to estimate the capacity of the aorta by predicting the change in blood volume as a function of the pressure variation. The results gleaned from this study are crucial for understanding the cardiovascular malfunction. The numerical predictions obtained from the hyperelastic model were validated using results in the literature. The numerical model was formulated using nonlinear stress–strain characteristics of aortic tissues, and this strategy provides sufficient accuracy for predicting the response of the aorta to pressure variations (that mirror natural heart rhythms). The results from this study demonstrate the essential role of the aorta in mitigating the effects of pulsatile blood flow, thereby protecting the vascular system from significant pressure spikes by acting as a damper that leverages flow capacitance effects. By emphasizing the need to integrate realistic, patient-specific bio-mechanical properties into simulation models, the results obtained from this study set the stage for advancing diagnostic, therapeutic, and management strategies in cardiovascular therapy. These models can be refined extensively using actual patient data and can provide a platform for future exploration by integrating them into clinical diagnostic systems, which in turn, can improve therapeutic outcomes for cardiovascular patients.