This review outlines the main noninvasive and invasive methods to study coronary microcirculation and identify coronary microvascular dysfunction in clinical practice.
This article reviews noninvasive and invasive techniques to identify coronary microvascular dysfunction in clinical practice.
A growing amount of data is increasingly showing the relevance of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMVD) in several clinical contexts. This article reviews techniques and clinical investigations of the main noninvasive and invasive methods proposed to study coronary microcirculation and to identify CMVD in the presence of normal coronary arteries, also trying to provide indications for their application in clinical practice.
Lanza et al. (Thu,) conducted a review in Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMVD). Noninvasive and invasive methods to study coronary microcirculation was evaluated. This review outlines the main noninvasive and invasive methods to study coronary microcirculation and identify coronary microvascular dysfunction in clinical practice.
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