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The monitoring of temperature profiles over long distance by means of optical fibers represents a highly efficient way to perform leakage detection along pipelines, in dams, dykes, or tanks... Different techniques have been developed taking advantages of the fiber geometry and of optical time domain analysis for the localization of the information. Among fiber optics distributed temperature sensing techniques, Brillouin-based systems have demonstrated to have the best potential for applications over distances up to several tens of kilometers. The key features and performances are reviewed in the present article and a 55km pipeline equipped with a fiber optics leakage detection system is presented as a case study.
Niklès et al. (Tue,) studied this question.