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Two algorithms are presented; one for (i) testing the observability of a network and (ii) identifying the observable islands when the network is unobservable, and the other for selecting a minimal set of additional measurements to make the network observable. The two algorithms are based on triangular factorization of the gain matrix and are characterized by (i) being extremely simple, (ii) using, subroutines already in a state estimation program, and (iii) incurring very little extra computation. The design and testing of the algorithms are presented in this paper.
Monticelli et al. (Wed,) studied this question.