Role for ELOVL3 and Fatty Acid Chain Length in Development of Hair and Skin Function

Very little is known about the in vivo regulation of mammalian fatty acid chain elongation enzymes as well as the role of specific fatty acid chain length in cellular responses and developmental processes. Here, we report that the Elovl3 gene product, which belongs to a highly conserved family of microsomal enzymes involved in the formation of very long chain fatty acids, revealed a distinct expression in the skin that was restricted to the sebaceous glands and the epithelial cells of the hair follicles. By disruption of the Elovl3 gene by homologous recombination in mouse, we show that ELOVL3 participates in the formation of specific neutral lipids that are necessary for the function of the skin. a hair the was and the hair was of acid was the fatty of is that a in and Very little is known about the in vivo regulation of mammalian fatty acid chain elongation enzymes as well as the role of specific fatty acid chain length in cellular responses and developmental processes. Here, we report that the Elovl3 gene product, which belongs to a highly conserved family of microsomal enzymes involved in the formation of very long chain fatty acids, revealed a distinct expression in the skin that was restricted to the sebaceous glands and the epithelial cells of the hair follicles. By disruption of the Elovl3 gene by homologous recombination in mouse, we show that ELOVL3 participates in the formation of specific neutral lipids that are necessary for the function of the skin. a hair the was and the hair was of acid was the fatty of is that a in and of to are by the well fatty acid a of the fatty by fatty acid are very long chain fatty long chain fatty long chain fatty as in a of as and are in cells and are of the and chain length and of to and of the of is in the in the and in by the mammalian the and the for the and are to and and the gene is to the and the for the and are to and and the gene is to to a highly conserved family of microsomal enzymes involved in the formation of show a expression a role for in the of the are very little is known about the role of specific fatty acid chain length in cellular responses and developmental processes. ELOVL3 to involved in the formation of and fatty to Elovl3 gene expression in and skin the in vivo role of we the Elovl3 gene by homologous recombination in we the of Elovl3 expression in skin and that ELOVL3 participates in the formation of and in cells of the hair and the sebaceous glands and that are for function of the the was to a the Elovl3 gene and of the was the of the in to the in the Elovl3 gene was by and a by of a gene was the of the the and the for of the of the Elovl3 gene was the and and to a to the in the Elovl3 was the of the the and the the was a by the gene the in and was by and the cells cells as and to and as was to as in and for the gene to for the Elovl3 cells and to the and in the to for the was by the mammalian as and for in the of the we that the as the and to and a in and in the to the the for in the for the of and for the to the and a and cells was and to in was a and the was to a the was was in for and in for by and the was of as was a and in was to that for that was was in for and in for of Elovl3 was as a as by as for of and in a and and by skin of and for in and in in in as in and in and in Elovl3 was as a to in the Elovl3 was a and in to and and in of was for of the and as and show of cellular was the of the and skin was by was by skin in for and was by and skin for was to the and for by was and the was lipids the skin and was as lipids by the to to to to to and acid to the of the acid and to for was and for and to to in of lipids was by the of of lipids in and to a and to the was in for and to the and in and for in the the of the the for a acid was and by of the by the the fatty acid of hair lipids was and in acid in was for fatty acid by in was was for the and was for to to in for was by the to for a was the in hair was by the the by a of was for to was of skin the of the in the the was to for the was to the the of of the and of the Elovl3 was by homologous recombination in cells to of a gene cells of to the Elovl3 disruption the which was by the Elovl3 is in and by a that to the and the Elovl3 and that to Elovl3 and gene disruption was Elovl3 was in a the Elovl3 expression the show of that was a and the that was of the hair was and the skin and the that skin. and of the in the of the of the and of the hair cells the cells in the of the and and as in the was and of the hair hair was in the the hair in the of the follicles. the was a of the sebaceous glands of the skin and expression of Elovl3 in hair and sebaceous glands in skin. of the skin the of and the of hair and in the mouse, the hair is in the of hair the hair in the in of the and is in and in the hair of a hair epithelial the of the and are in the sebaceous by in very Elovl3 expression is in a of of skin. specific expression of Elovl3 in the epithelial cells of a hair a of the epithelial cells of the hair Elovl3 in the cells of the of the of the hair a Elovl3 was in Elovl3 was in are and of Elovl3 in the Elovl3 is in the skin. we in the a Elovl3 was in the cells of the of the and of the hair and in the of the sebaceous glands the Elovl3 was very and in was the mouse, was Elovl3 in was in the of the restricted Elovl3 expression in the skin and the of the hair and in the we the of the to the sebaceous glands are of the to hair and the the skin we the of the the by was that the and was in the which a of neutral as and and which are of the was the the was skin was a in the neutral lipids of the and of neutral skin lipids of of lipids and by and the of and and and fatty acids, and to in the of was a lipids in the hair of the of hair lipids the we the hair lipids by the and a the of was a in the of specific in the the a in a which was by a in a of hair lipids of and hair in the hair was in and as of hair lipids the of and and to of ELOVL3 to involved in the formation of fatty to we the chain in lipids the hair of and by was a in acid in the to of lipids was about a in and fatty acids, which that the regulation of and fatty acid in is in we a in in the of hair of the chain in lipids the hair of and and fatty the of of the chain the of hair lipids the hair of and the of of in the we a the the we the fatty acid of the hair to was in the hair was of in the which was a of and fatty in to the the of and fatty the was in the in the and a for the fatty to the and in to the was in fatty a specific role of Elovl3 in the fatty acid the which the neutral lipids of the in and in the of Elovl3 for function of the we a in which the to for that to as as and about of for the the of the skin the of the to for the and in of a in are in the of and in to was for is in skin in of in and are as of in in the Elovl3 to about in the of the show of to the for as long as of the to was in and a in and the the the a in to a of to which the of a and the of to and that for which and the a are to in a function of the skin is to a to we that the a in we the of the skin by a in the a of a to skin in of the for the by the of and and as well as and and and the highly in and neutral and a of and and that the of Elovl3 formation and of necessary for of and is of neutral lipids in the of the the that in in the and in are are and in are in a of and in in report a the Elovl3 gene in the function of the skin. that the of specific in hair that the sebaceous glands the of a fatty acid that was of of lipids by of a in elongation of for of in of the that the in for revealed that a of neutral and and in that the by Elovl3 is a of the of to the of the and the the expression of Elovl3 is restricted to cells the hair and the sebaceous the in of the is of in the of the to the in the of the the hair by the of Elovl3 expression in the of the is that cells function of cells is a role of Elovl3 in the of specific for function of the the hair of the as lipids as the the the of and the of the hair to is the Elovl3 are gene and that to very hair skin and in sebaceous to specific fatty acids, and and of a in the and and gene in to the in the sebaceous glands of hair and hair of sebaceous gene of is the of hair is a of hair lipids in the sebaceous glands to in the the of was and of neutral lipids in the was that in the the sebaceous a of is which the of in the sebaceous of the of and as which a hair the fatty acid in the hair lipids of and in that is necessary for of hair and are in the hair and in the sebaceous glands to the and the which is and sebaceous sebaceous glands and of that are for a in the sebaceous show that the length of the chain of in the skin is of as as as and show that is in which in of the and of hair and skin of to are by the well fatty acid a of the fatty by fatty acid are very long chain fatty long chain fatty long chain fatty very long chain fatty very long chain fatty as in a of as and are in cells and are of the and chain length and of to and of the of is in the in the and in by the mammalian the and the for the and are to and and the gene is to the and the for the and are to and and the gene is to to a highly conserved family of microsomal enzymes involved in the formation of show a expression a role for in the of the are very little is known about the role of specific fatty acid chain length in cellular responses and developmental processes. ELOVL3 to involved in the formation of and fatty to Elovl3 gene expression in and skin the in vivo role of we the Elovl3 gene by homologous recombination in we the of Elovl3 expression in skin and that ELOVL3 participates in the formation of and in cells of the hair and the sebaceous glands and that are for function of the skin. the was to a the Elovl3 gene and of the was the of the in to the in the Elovl3 gene was by and a by of a gene was the of the the and the for of the of the Elovl3 gene was the and and to a to the in the Elovl3 was the of the the and the the was a by the gene the in and was by and the cells cells as and to and as was to as in and for the gene to for the Elovl3 cells and to the and in the to for the was by the mammalian as and for in the of the we that the as the and to and a in and in the to the the for in the for the of and for the to the and a and cells was and to in was a and the was to a the was was in for and in for by and the was of as was a and in was to that for that was was in for and in for of Elovl3 was as a as by as for of and in a and and by skin of and for in and in in in as in and in and in Elovl3 was as a to in the Elovl3 was a and in to and and in of was for of the and as and show of cellular was the of the and skin was by was by skin in for and was by and skin for was to the and for by was and the was lipids the skin and was as lipids by the to to to to to and acid to the of the acid and to for was and for and to to in of lipids was by the of of lipids in and to a and to the was in for and to the and in and for in the the of the the for a acid was and by of the by the the fatty acid of hair lipids was and in acid in was for fatty acid by in was was for the and was for to to in for was by the to for a was the in hair was by the the by a of was for to was of skin the of the in the the was to for the was to the the of Elovl3 the was to a the Elovl3 gene and of the was the of the in to the in the Elovl3 gene was by and a by of a gene was the of the the and the for of the of the Elovl3 gene was the and and to a to the in the Elovl3 was the of the the and the the was a by the gene the in and was by and the cells cells as and to and as was to as in and for the gene to for the Elovl3 cells and to the and in the to for the was by the mammalian as and for in the of the we that the as the and to and a in and in the to the the for in the for the of and for the to the and a and cells was and to in was a and the was to a the was was in for and in for by and the was of as was a and in was to that for that was was in for and in for of Elovl3 was as a as by as for of and in a and and by skin of and for in and in in in as in and in and in Elovl3 was as a to in the Elovl3 was a and in to and and in of was for of the and as and show of cellular was the of the and skin was by was by skin in for and was by and skin for was to the and for by was and the was lipids the skin and was as lipids by the to to to to to and acid to the of the acid and to for was and for and to to in of lipids was by the of of lipids in and to a and to the was in for and to the and in and for in the the of the the for a acid was and by of the by the the fatty acid of hair lipids was and in acid in was for fatty acid by in was was for the and was for to to in for was by the to for a was the in hair was by the the by a of was for to was of skin the of the in the the was to for the was to the the of of the and of the Elovl3 was by homologous recombination in cells to of a gene cells of to the Elovl3 disruption the which was by the Elovl3 is in and by a that to the and the Elovl3 and that to Elovl3 and gene disruption was Elovl3 was in a the Elovl3 expression the show of that was a and the that was of the hair was and the skin and the that skin. and of the in the of the of the and of the hair cells the cells in the of the and and as in the was and of the hair hair was in the the hair in the of the follicles. the was a of the sebaceous glands of Elovl3 in the Elovl3 is in the skin. we in the a Elovl3 was in the cells of the of the and of the hair and in the of the sebaceous glands the Elovl3 was very and in was the mouse, was Elovl3 in was in the of the restricted Elovl3 expression in the skin and the of the hair and in the we the of the to the sebaceous glands are of the to hair and the the skin we the of the the by was that the and was in the which a of neutral as and and which are of the was the the was skin was a in the neutral lipids of the and of neutral skin lipids of of lipids and by and the of and and and fatty acids, and to in the of was a lipids in the hair of the of hair lipids the we the hair lipids by the and a the of was a in the of specific in the the a in a which was by a in a of hair lipids of and hair in the hair was in and as of hair lipids the of and and to of ELOVL3 to involved in the formation of fatty to we the chain in lipids the hair of and by was a in acid in the to of lipids was about a in and fatty acids, which that the regulation of and fatty acid in is in we a in in the of hair of the chain in lipids the hair of and and fatty the of of the chain the of hair lipids the hair of and the of of in the we a the the we the fatty acid of the hair to was in the hair was of in the which was a of and fatty in to the the of and fatty the was in the in the and a for the fatty to the and in to the was in fatty a specific role of Elovl3 in the fatty acid the which the neutral lipids of the in and in the of Elovl3 for function of the we a in which the to for that to as as and about of for the the of the skin the of the to for the and in of a in are in the of and in to was for is in skin in of in and are as of in in the Elovl3 to about in the of the show of to the for as long as of the to was in and a in and the the the a in to a of to which the of a and the of to and that for which and the a are to in a function of the skin is to a to we that the a in we the of the skin by a in the a of a to skin in of the for the by the of and and as well as and and and the highly in and neutral and a of and and that the of Elovl3 formation and of necessary for of and is of neutral lipids in the of the the that in in the and in are are and in are in a of and in in of the and of the Elovl3 was by homologous recombination in cells to of a gene cells of to the Elovl3 disruption the which was by the Elovl3 is in and by a that to the and the Elovl3 and that to Elovl3 and gene disruption was Elovl3 was in a the Elovl3 expression the show of that was a and the that was of the hair was and the skin and the that skin. and of the in the of the of the and of the hair cells the cells in the of the and and as in the was and of the hair hair was in the the hair in the of the follicles. the was a of the sebaceous glands of Elovl3 in the Elovl3 is in the skin. we in the a Elovl3 was in the cells of the of the and of the hair and in the of the sebaceous glands the Elovl3 was very and in was the mouse, was Elovl3 in was in the of the restricted Elovl3 expression in the skin and the of the hair and in the we the of the to the sebaceous glands are of the to hair and the the skin we the of the the by was that the and was in the which a of neutral as and and which are of the was the the was skin was a in the neutral lipids of the and in the of was a lipids in the hair of the of hair lipids the we the hair lipids by the and a the of was a in the of specific in the the a in a which was by a in a of ELOVL3 to involved in the formation of fatty to we the chain in lipids the hair of and by was a in acid in the to of lipids was about a in and fatty acids, which that the regulation of and fatty acid in is in we a in in the in the we a the the we the fatty acid of the hair to was in the hair was of in the which was a of and fatty in to the the of and fatty the was in the in the and a for the fatty to the and in to the was in fatty a specific role of Elovl3 in the fatty acid the which the neutral lipids of the in and in the of Elovl3 for function of the we a in which the to for that to as as and about of for the the of the skin the of the to for the and the Elovl3 to about in the of the show of to the for as long as of the to was in and a in and the the the a in to a of to which the of a and the of to and that for which and the a are to in a function of the skin is to a to we that the a in we the of the skin by a in the a of a to skin in of the for the by the of and and as well as and and and the highly in and neutral and a of and and that the of Elovl3 formation and of necessary for of and is of neutral lipids in the of the the that in in the report a the Elovl3 gene in the function of the skin. that the of specific in hair that the sebaceous glands the of a fatty acid that was of of lipids by of a in elongation of for of in of the that the in for revealed that a of neutral and and in that the by Elovl3 is a of the of to the of the and the the expression of Elovl3 is restricted to cells the hair and the sebaceous the in of the is of in the of the to the in the of the the hair by the of Elovl3 expression in the of the is that cells function of cells is a role of Elovl3 in the of specific for function of the the hair of the as lipids as the the the of and the of the hair to is the Elovl3 are gene and that to very hair skin and in sebaceous to specific fatty acids, and and of a in the and and gene in to the in the sebaceous glands of hair and hair of sebaceous gene of is the of hair is a of hair lipids in the sebaceous glands to in the the of was and of neutral lipids in the was that in the the sebaceous a of is which the of in the sebaceous of the of and as which a hair the fatty acid in the hair lipids of and in that is necessary for of hair and are in the hair and in the sebaceous glands to the and the which is and sebaceous sebaceous glands and of that are for a in the sebaceous show that the length of the chain of in the skin is of as as as and show that is in which in of the and of hair and skin report a the Elovl3 gene in the function of the skin. that the of specific in hair that the sebaceous glands the of a fatty acid that was of of lipids by of a in elongation of for of in of the that the in for revealed that a of neutral and and in that the by Elovl3 is a of the of to the of the and the the expression of Elovl3 is restricted to cells the hair and the sebaceous the in of the is of in the of the to the in the of the the hair by the of Elovl3 expression in the of the is that cells function of cells is a role of Elovl3 in the of specific for function of the the hair of the as lipids as the the the of and the of the hair to is the Elovl3 are gene and that to very hair skin and in sebaceous to specific fatty acids, and and of a in the and and gene in to the in the sebaceous glands of hair and hair of sebaceous gene of is the of hair is a of hair lipids in the sebaceous glands to in the the of was and of neutral lipids in the was that in the the sebaceous a of is which the of in the sebaceous of the of and as which a hair the fatty acid in the hair lipids of and in that is necessary for of hair and are in the hair and in the sebaceous glands to the and the which is and sebaceous sebaceous glands and of that are for a in the sebaceous show that the length of the chain of in the skin is of as as as and show that is in which in of the and of hair and skin and for and and for