This study proposes an integrated modeling framework for achieving a net-zero energy residential neighborhood in a cold-climate region, with a case study of a 2,506-unit residential district (40 building blocks) in Meshgin shahr, Iran. The framework uniquely combines passive architectural shading strategies with hybrid renewable energy systems, including solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, battery storage, and hydrogen energy storage, to assess technical, economic, environmental, and resilience performance at the neighborhood scale. this modeling study evaluates A total of 12 local shading scenarios and 15 window shading scenarios were evaluated to quantify their impacts on heating, cooling, and total electricity demand. Building energy demand was simulated using Design Builder, while HOMER Pro was employed to optimize hybrid energy system configurations under realistic operating conditions, including daily two-hour scheduled power outages. The baseline building energy intensity was 199.12 kWh/m 2 ·year. In this study, shading scenarios were examined under two conditions: local and window. In the local condition, among the 12 scenarios, Scenario 8 is recommended as the first priority, followed by Scenarios 5 and 12. In the window condition, among the 15 scenarios, Scenarios 11 and 12 are identified as low–risk and recommended. The techno-economic analysis indicates that increasing the solar capital cost multiplier from 0.5 to 1.5 in non-hydrogen systems raises total system costs from approximately USD 1.0–1.5 million to USD 4.5–5.0 million, while increasing the renewable energy share from 32 to 35% to 42–45% and reducing annual CO 2 emissions from about 4.5 to 3.45 million kg. Hydrogen-integrated systems demonstrated enhanced renewable surplus utilization and system resilience, particularly during outage periods, although with slightly higher annual CO 2 emissions. Outage scheduling analysis revealed that aligning outages with peak solar irradiation periods (11:00–12:00 and 13:00–14:00) minimizes battery stress and improves system stability. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating passive design strategies with hybrid PV–wind–battery–hydrogen systems provide a scalable and resilient pathway toward low-carbon urban neighborhoods in cold climates.
Abdoos et al. (Mon,) studied this question.