Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are established treatments for various malignancies, including lung, kidney, and colorectal cancers. However, their broad use has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events (irAEs), with thyroiditis, colitis, and pneumonitis being the most common. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but severe irAE characterized by excessive immune activation, leading to systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. We present three cases of ICI-induced HLH in patients with lung cancer who were treated with ICIs. All patients showed elevated inflammatory markers and responded to high-dose corticosteroids without the addition of etoposide. These cases underscore the importance of early recognition and treatment of HLH in patients receiving ICIs to mitigate morbidity and mortality. Large-scale studies are needed to establish standardized guidelines for diagnosing and managing ICI-induced HLH.
Khan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.