Introduction and Objective: We tested whether total daily intake of carbohydrate, fat, or protein in pregnancy is associated with gestational glycemia or infant birthweight. Methods: We enrolled gravidas without preexisting diabetes from the multicenter GO MOMs cohort into a dietary substudy (from 2/2023 to 2/2024). We calculated mean total daily carbohydrate (primary), fat, and protein intake from 3 dietary recalls (via the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool) at 10-20 weeks’ gestation and from 2 recalls at 24-28 weeks’ gestation. Using blinded 10-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) at 24-28 weeks’, we measured mean CGM glucose (primary outcome), CGM time 120 and 140 mg/dl, and nocturnal CGM time 95 mg/dl. Other outcomes were gestational diabetes, birthweight Z score, and large for gestational age birthweight (90th percentile). Using regression models, we tested for associations between single macronutrient exposures and outcomes, adjusting for total daily calories, age, BMI, nulliparity, other potential confounders (selected via bootstrapped stepwise regression). The primary analysis had 80% power at α=0.05 to detect whether a 15 gram (g) increase in total daily carbohydrate intake was associated with a 0.23 mg/dL increase in mean CGM glucose. Secondary analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons via false discovery rate. Results: Participants (N=542) had mean (SD) age 32 (5) years and BMI 28 (6) kg/m2. Total daily carbohydrate intake at 10-20 weeks’ was similar to US national data: 234 (73) g. Carbohydrate intake was not associated with mean CGM glucose at 24-28 weeks’ gestation (per 15 g at 10-20 weeks’: β=0.25 95% CI -0.17, 0.67 mg/dl; at 24-28 weeks’: β=0.20 95% CI -0.15, 0.55 mg/dl) nor with any secondary outcomes. Total daily protein and fat intake were not associated with outcomes. Conclusion: In a cohort of pregnant individuals without pre-existing diabetes, neither total daily carbohydrate, protein, nor fat intake was associated with glycemia or infant birthweight. Disclosure C. Powe: Research Support; Current; Dexcom, Inc. Other - Associate Editor of Diabetes Care, Honoraria for Educational Materials; Current; American Diabetes Association. Other - Royalties for Up To Date chapters; Current; Wolters Kluwer (Up To Date). Other - Speaker; Ended; Medscape. E.L. Gray: None. A.C. Andrei: None. E.G. Considine: None. M. Feghali: None. A. Medina Baez: None. M. Mourad: None. C. Oshiro: None. E. Szmuilowicz: None. N. Zork: None. E. LeBlanc: None. Funding The GO MOMs study is supported by grants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. U01DK123795 to Massachusetts General Hospital; U01DK123791 to Kaiser Permanente; U01DK123759 and U01DK123745 to Northwestern University; U01DK123799 to Yale University; U01DK123783 to Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island. Dexcom provided the CGM systems used in the study free of charge. The GO MOMs Nutrition Study is supported by the National Institutes of Health Office of Nutrition Research.
Powe et al. (Fri,) studied this question.